TOYOTA Conclusions
The use of ethanol will cause:
• Evaporative emissions to increase in comparison to MTBE.
• Significant increases of in-use vehicle evaporative emissions.
• Tailpipe emissions of NOx to increase.
Subject Top Page: California Phase 3 Reformulated Gasoline (CaRFG3): "# Toyota Study: Effects of Ethanol on Emissions of Gasoline LDVs.
* Toyota Presentation (PDF-40k)
* Toyota Tests Data (XLS-40k)"